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AUTHOR'S NOTE
The
need of a complete History of New Brunswick has long been recognized,
and the present work is an attempt to curry out this idea. Thirty years
ago I published my first volume, the History of Acadia, which dealt with
the story of that part of the- Maritime Province* which was controlled
by France up to the Treaty of Paris, 1763. Since, that time I have
always had in my mind a resolve to publish a history of my native
Province, but this was found to be impossible while I was engaged
actively in daily journalism. Since the end of the year 1900 I have been
relieved of this kind of work, and have devoted my time pretty steadily
to the preparation of the volumes which I now present to the public. My
aim has been to trace the development of the constitution, and the
growth of the laws New Brunswick from the foundation, of the Province
down to the present time. I trust that the result will be found
satisfactory- to those who are interested in the history of our own
country.
The
materials for this work have been found in the parliamentary papers of
New Brunswick, the Journals of both Houses, the Minutes of the Executive
Council and other original sources..
JAMES HANNAY.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Volume I
Chapter I.
'The Discovery of Acadia by Cabot. Champlain's Voyages. Settlement of
St. Croix Island. DeMonts and Port Royal.Jesuit Missions in Acadia.LaTour
and Charnisay. Lady LaTour, the Acadian Heroine.
Chapter II.
:Ruin of LaTour. Death of Charnisay. The English Capture of Acadia.
It is restored to France by the Treaty of Breda. Settlement of
Chignecto. Villebon on the St. John. Siege of Fort Nashwaak by the
English.
Chapter III.
Death of Villebon. Colonel Church ravages Chignecto. French Settlers
on the St. John River. The Headquarters removed to Port Royal. Port
Royal captured by the English. The St. John River deserted. Building
of Beausejour.
Chapter IV.
Settlement of Halifax by Cornwallis. The War on the Isthmus.Beausejour
captured by the English. Expulsion of the Acadians. The French driven
from the St. John River. The Capture of Quebec.
Chapter V.
Canada surrendered to Great Britain. New
England Settlers on the St. John. Progress of Settlement on the North
Shore. Settlements at Chignecto and Shepody. Governor Wilmot's large
grants of land. Troubles in the New England Colonies. Settlement of
Campobello.
Chapter VI.
The American Revolution. Maugerville Settlers in sympathy with their
friends in New England. Rebel raids on Nova Scotia. Weak state of
the Province. Disloyal conduct of the Cumberland Settlers.
Chapter VII.
The Maugerville Resolutions. Colonel Allan on the St. John River.
Colonel Eddy's attack on Fort Cumberland. Flight of the Rebels to
Machias. Erection of Fort Howe.
Chapter VIII.
End of the War of the Revolution. Severe Treatment of the Loyalists.
Theii Emigration to Nova Scotia in 1783. 30,000 Loyalists are settled
in the Province. Founding of the City of St. John.New Brunswick
separated from Nova Scotia. Arrival of Governor Carleton.
Chapter IX.
State of New Brunswick in 1784. I'he first Legislature. The Province
organized and the Council formed. Troubles at the first Election in St.
John. Unfair Conduct of the Governor's friends.
Chapter X.
The Constitution of the Province. All the power in the hands of the
Governor.A few favored families receive all the offices. The
oppressive Table of Fees.Lick of Executive Responsibility. The
Council exercises Legislative functions. Its Proceedings not open to
the Public.
Chapter XI.
The first Meeting of the Legislature. The St. John Petition. The
shameful legislation against petitions. How free speech was gagged.
Marriage and Divorce Legislation.
Chapter XII.
The first Militia Bill. The state of the Public Roads. Arrival of the
Loyalist Commissioners. The Removal of the Capital to Fredericton
The Payment of Members.
Chapter XIII.
Troubles with the Indians. The New England Co. and its work. Glenie
the Reformer. The qualification of Voters and Members. Slaves in New
Brunswick.
Chapter XIV.
Restrictions on the Lumber Trade. Anew Legislature elected.
Difficulties between the Assembly and the Council. Weakness of the
Governor's following. On the eve of war.
Chapter XV.
The King's New Brunswick Regiment. Measures for the Defence of the
Province. Boundary Disputes with the United States. Visit of the
Duke of Kent.
Chapter XVI.
Difficulties between the two Houses. Contest over the Supreme Court
Bill. Quit Rents. The Boundary between New Brunswick and Maine.
Chapter XVII.
A Member of the Assembly sentenced to death. Contest over the
Appointment of Clerk of the House. A war of Phamphlets. Parish
School Legislation.
Chapter XVIII.
A New Election. Bad state of the roads. The Province is Progressing.
Growth of Ship Building. Agriculture the leading Industry.Departure
of Governor Carleton. T he Province administered by a President.
Chapter XIX.
Smuggling on the Border.A Fisheries Dispute Death of President I.udlow.
A new Legislature elected. Rapid Growth of the Revenue.
Chapter XX.
War with the United States.Measures for the defencs of the Province.
Steam boat legislation. Administration of General Smyth. A State of
Neutrality on the Border. The New Brunswick Regiment marches to
(Quebec in the Winter. Another Regiment raised in the Province.
Success of the British Arms.
Chapter XXI.
A new Education Act. The plaster trade. Purchase of
Government House. Famine threatened m the Province.The New Brunswick
Regiments disbanded.
Chapter XXII.
Emigrants coming to the Province from Great 3ritain. Introduction of
Madras Schools. The Timber Reserves. Quit Rents. Contest between
the Assembly and the Lieutenant-Governor. He disolves the Legislature in
a pet.
Chapter XXIII.
The Revival of interest in Agriculture, Measures to Promote
Colonization. Formation of new Settlements. The trade of the Province
increasing. A fatal duel.
Chapter XXIV.
Death of Governor Smyth. The first census of the Province. Sir Howard
Douglas becomes Governor. Kings College,--The great Mirnmicti
Fire.The panic of 1825.
Chapter XXV.
The Imperial Customs Duties. Restrictions on Provincial
Trade.Agitation for Reform.Enormous Customs House salaries.Attempt to
enforce Quit Rents.Troubles in the Aroostook country.
Chapter XXVI.
Marriage Legislation. The Catholic Relief Bill. Reform of the
Criminal law. Death of George IV. The Rise of The Temperance Party.
The Casual and Territorial Revenue. The Province claims the Control
of its own Crown Lands.
Volume II
Chapter XXVII.
A Committee on Grievances. Delegation to England. Conflict with Sir
Archibald Campbell.The second Delegation to England. Efforts of the
Governor to Defeat the Assembly. The Crown Lands pass into the Control
of the Province.
Chapter XXVIII.
The Cholera threatened. Another Committee on Grievances. The
Heavyside defalcation. L. A. Wilmot enters public life. Railway
legislation. Sir John Harvey becomes Governor.
Chapter XXIX.
Death of William IV. Reforming the Election Laws. The Agitation for
Responsible Government. The Aroostook War. Troops sent to the front.
The trouble settled by the Ashburton Treaty. The care of the insane.
Chapter XXX.
Postal Reform.Coasting trade with Nova Scotia. Lord John Russell on
the Tenure of Public Office. The Legislative term reduced to four
years. The Initiation of Money Votes. Mr. Charles Fisher as a
Reformer.
Chapter XXXI.
The Reade Case. Inconsistent conduct of the Government. The Doak and
Hill case. Charter of Kings College.A railway to Quebec. A new
Education Act.
Chapter XXXII.
Earl Gray on Tenure of Office. Responsible Government indorsed. An
era of Railway Legislation. Major Robinson's survey.The St. John and
Shediac Railway.
Chapter XXXIII.
Another general, election. Defeat of the Supporters of the Government.
L. A. Wilmot appointed Judge.
Chapter XXXIV.
More delegations to England. Failure of the Intercolonial
negotiations. Jackson and Co. undertake to build our Railways.
Responsible Government established. A Visitation of the Cholera.
Downfall of the old Government. Mr. Tilley become' Principal
Secretary.
Chapter XXXV.
The Prohibitory Liquor Law. Governor Manners Sutton dissolves the
House. The friends of Temperanc defeated. The Gray-Wilmot
Government. Tilley and Fisher again in power.
Chapter XXXVI.
The visit of the Prince of Wales. The Crown Land Investigation. The
Railway opened to Shediac. Another Colonial delegation. The
discussion of Maritime Union.
Chapter XXXVII.
Proposals for Confederation. The Quebec scheme. Defeat of
Confederation in New Brunswick. The Smith-Anglo Government. Fisher's
victory in York.
Chapter XXXVIII.
Difficulties of the Government. The Fenian Invasion of New Brunswick.
Mr. Tilley again m power. Confederation carried in New Brunswick.
Delegates go to England The British North America Act.
Chapter XXXIX.
The Confederation of the Provinces. Changes in the Constitution. -Mr.
Wetmore becomes Attorney General.
Chapter XL.
The Legislative Council. Its Conflict with the Government. The route
of the Intercolonial Railway. The Establishment of Free Schools.
Chapter XLI.
Death of George L. Hutheway.The King Government. The School Law
attacked in Parliament. The Costigan Resolutions. The Law Sustained by
the Privy Council. Education in Gloucester County. Mr. LeCelles in
the School Agitation. The Legislative Council's views of Schools.
Chapter XLII.
The General Elections of 1874. The Caraquet Riot. The School Law
Sustained. The Assessment Act. Agriculture. - Grange Incorporation.
-Maritime Union Progress in Railway Building. T he Route of the
Intercolonial. The Short Line to Montreal. The great St. John Fire of
1877.
Chapter XLIII.
Political Parties in the House.The National Policy. Death of Governor
Chandler. Parliament Buildings Destroyed. Attempt to Remove the
Capital to St. John. English Agricultural Delegates visit New
Brunswick. The St. John Bridge Company.
Chapter XL1V.
Retirement of Mr. Eraser. - - The Hanington Government Its Defeat. T
he first Blair Government. The franchise Bill.Abolition of the
Legislative Council.The St. John Union Bill. Sir Wm. Wilson's Speech.
Chapter XLV.
The Short Line to Montreal.The Harvey-Salisbury Railway. St. John
aspires to be the Winter Port. Growth of St. John's Trade.The Ritchie
Police-Magistrate Appointment. The Government Defeated in St. John and
Northumberland. The Bathurst School Difficulty.
Chapter XLVI.
The Mitchell Government. Mr. Emmerson becomes Premier. Mr. Tweedie
succeeds to the Premiership. Is appointed Lieutenant-Governor. The
Robinson Government. Defeated at the General Elections The Hazen
Government.
APPENDIX.
Early Church History
The Roman Catholic Church
The Congregational Church
The Church of England
The Presbyterian Church
The Baptist Church
The Methodist Church
Banking in New Brunswick
Educational Progress in New Brunswick
by Dr. J. R. Inch, LL.D.,
Superintendent of Education
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