The 20 economic sectors
specified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
are listed below.
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting
This sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing crops,
raising animals, harvesting timber, harvesting fish and other animals
from their natural habitats and providing related support activities.
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction
This sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in extracting
naturally occurring minerals. These can be solids, such as coal and
ores; liquids, such as crude petroleum; and gases, such as natural gas.
The term "mining" is used in the broad sense to include quarrying, well
operations, milling (for example, crushing, screening, washing, or
flotation) and other preparation customarily done at the mine site, or
as a part of mining activity. Establishments engaged in exploration for
minerals, development of mineral properties and mining operations are
included in this sector. Establishments performing similar activities,
on a contract or fee basis, are also included.
Utilities
This sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating
electric, gas and water utilities. These establishments generate,
transmit, control and distribute electric power; distribute natural gas;
treat and distribute water; operate sewer systems and sewage treatment
facilities; and provide related services, generally through a permanent
infrastructure of lines, pipes and treatment and processing facilities.
Construction
This sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in constructing,
repairing and renovating buildings and engineering works, and in
subdividing and developing land. These establishments may operate on
their own account or under contract to other establishments or property
owners. They may produce complete projects or just parts of projects.
Establishments often subcontract some or all of the work involved in a
project, or work together in joint ventures. Establishments may produce
new construction, or undertake repairs and renovations to existing
structures. A construction establishment may be the only establishment
of an enterprise, or one of several establishments of an integrated real
estate enterprise engaged in the land assembly, development, financing,
building and sale of large projects. There are substantial differences
in the types of equipment, work force skills, and other inputs required
by establishments in this sector. To highlight these differences and
variations in the underlying production functions, this sector is
divided into three subsectors. Establishments are distinguished
initially between those that undertake projects that require several
different construction activities (known as trades) to be performed, and
establishments that specialize in one trade.
Manufacturing
This sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in the physical
or chemical transformation of materials or substances into new products.
These products may be finished, in the sense that they are ready to be
used or consumed, or semi-finished, in the sense of becoming a raw
material for an establishment to use in further manufacturing. Related
activities, such as the assembly of the component parts of manufactured
goods; the blending of materials; and the finishing of manufactured
products by dyeing, heat-treating, plating and similar operations are
also treated as manufacturing activities. Manufacturing establishments
are known by a variety of trade designations, such as plants, factories
or mills. Manufacturing establishments may own the materials which they
transform or they may transform materials owned by other establishments.
Manufacturing may take place in factories or in workers' homes, using
either machinery or hand tools.
Wholesale Trade
This sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in wholesaling
merchandise and providing related logistics, marketing and support
services. The wholesaling process is generally an intermediate step in
the distribution of merchandise; many wholesalers are therefore
organized to sell merchandise in large quantities to retailers, and
business and institutional clients. However, some wholesalers, in
particular those that supply non-consumer capital goods, sell
merchandise in single units to final users. This sector recognizes two
main types of wholesalers, that is, wholesale merchants and wholesale
agents and brokers. Wholesale Merchants Wholesale merchants buy and sell
merchandise on their own account, that is, they take title to the goods
they sell. They generally operate from warehouse or office locations and
they may ship from their own inventory or arrange for the shipment of
goods directly from the supplier to the client. In addition to the sale
of goods, they may provide, or arrange for the provision of, logistics,
marketing and support services, such as packaging and labelling,
inventory management, shipping, handling of warranty claims, in-store or
co-op promotions, and product training. Dealers of machinery and
equipment, such as dealers of farm machinery and heavy-duty trucks, also
fall within this category. Wholesale merchants are known by a variety of
trade designations depending on their relationship with suppliers or
customers, or the distribution method they employ. Examples include
wholesale merchants, wholesale distributors, drop shippers,
rack-jobbers, import-export merchants, buying groups, dealer-owned
cooperatives and banner wholesalers. The first eight subsectors of
wholesale trade comprise wholesale merchants. The grouping of these
establishments into industry groups and industries is based on the
merchandise line or lines supplied by the wholesaler. Wholesale Agents
and Brokers Wholesale agents and brokers buy and sell merchandise owned
by others on a fee or commission basis. They do not take title to the
goods they buy or sell, and they generally operate at or from an office
location. Wholesale agents and brokers are known by a variety of trade
designations including import-export agents, wholesale commission
agents, wholesale brokers, and manufacturer's representatives and
agents.
Retail Trade
The retail trade sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in
retailing merchandise, generally without transformation, and rendering
services incidental to the sale of merchandise. The retailing process is
the final step in the distribution of merchandise; retailers are
therefore organized to sell merchandise in small quantities to the
general public. This sector comprises two main types of retailers, that
is, store and non-store retailers. Their main characteristics are
described below. Store Retailers Store retailers operate fixed
point-of-sale locations, located and designed to attract a high volume
of walk-in customers. In general, retail stores have extensive displays
of merchandise and use mass-media advertising to attract customers. They
typically sell merchandise to the general public for personal or
household consumption, but some also serve business and institutional
clients. These include establishments such as office supplies stores,
computer and software stores, gasoline stations, building material
dealers, plumbing supplies stores and electrical supplies stores. In
addition to selling merchandise, some types of store retailers are also
engaged in the provision of after-sales services, such as repair and
installation. For example, new automobile dealers, electronic and
appliance stores and musical instrument and supplies stores often
provide repair services, while floor covering stores and window
treatment stores often provide installation services. As a general rule,
establishments engaged in retailing merchandise and providing after
sales services are classified in this sector. Catalogue sales showrooms,
gasoline service stations, and mobile home dealers are treated as store
retailers. Non-Store Retailers Non-store retailers, like store
retailers, are organized to serve the general public, but their
retailing methods differ. The establishments of this subsector reach
customers and market merchandise with methods such as the broadcasting
of infomercials, the broadcasting and publishing of direct-response
advertising, the publishing of traditional and electronic catalogues,
door-to-door solicitation, in-home demonstration, temporary displaying
of merchandise (stalls) and distribution by vending machines. The
methods of transaction and delivery of merchandise vary by type of
non-store retailers. For example, non-store retailers that reach their
customers using information technologies can receive payment at the time
of purchase or at the time of delivery, and the delivery of the
merchandise may be done by the retailer or by a third party, such as the
post office or a courier. In contrast, non-store retailers that reach
their customers by door-to-door solicitation, in-home demonstration,
temporary displaying of merchandise (stalls) and vending machines
typically receive payment and deliver the merchandise to the customer at
the time of the purchase. The non-store retailers subsector also
includes establishments engaged in the home delivery of products. This
includes home heating oil dealers and newspaper delivery companies.
Transportation and Warehousing
This sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in
transporting passengers and goods, warehousing and storing goods, and
providing services to these establishments. The modes of transportation
are road (trucking, transit and ground passenger), rail, water, air and
pipeline. These are further subdivided according to the way in which
businesses in each mode organize their establishments. National post
office and courier establishments, which also transport goods, are
included in this sector. Warehousing and storage establishments are
subdivided according to the type of service and facility that is
operated. Many of the establishments in this sector are structured as
networks, with activities, workers, and physical facilities distributed
over an extensive geographic area.
Information and Cultural Industries
This sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in producing and
distributing (except by wholesale and retail methods) information and
cultural products. Establishments providing the means to transmit or
distribute these products or providing access to equipment and expertise
for processing data are also included. The unique characteristics of
information and cultural products, and of the processes involved in
their production and distribution, distinguish this sector from the
goods-producing and services-producing sectors. The value of these
products lies in their information, educational, cultural or
entertainment content, not in the format in which they are distributed.
Most of these products are protected from unlawful reproduction by
copyright laws. Only those possessing the rights to these works are
authorized to reproduce, alter, improve and distribute them. Acquiring
and using these rights often involves significant costs. The intangible
nature of the content of information and cultural products allows for
their distribution in various forms. For example, a movie can be shown
at a movie theatre, on a television broadcast, through video on demand,
or rented at a local video store; a sound recording can be aired on
radio, embedded in multi-media products or sold at a record store;
software can be bought at retail outlets or downloaded from an
electronic bulletin board; a newspaper can be purchased at a newsstand
or received on-line. In addition, improvements in information technology
are revolutionizing the distribution of these products. The inclusion in
this sector of telecommunications carriers and Internet access providers
reflects the increasingly important role these establishments play in
making these products accessible to the public. The main components of
this sector are the publishing industries (except exclusively on
Internet), including software publishing, the motion picture and sound
recording industries, the broadcasting industries (except exclusively on
Internet), the telecommunications and related services industries (i.e.,
telephony, including VoIP; cable and satellite television distribution
services; Internet access; telecommunications reselling services), data
processing industries, and the other information services industries,
including Internet publishing and broadcasting and web search portals.
There are establishments engaged in culture-related activities that are
classified in other sectors of NAICS.
Finance and Insurance
This sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in financial
transactions (that is, transactions involving the creation, liquidation,
or change in ownership of financial assets) or in facilitating financial
transactions. Included are: establishments that are primarily engaged in
financial intermediation. They raise funds by taking deposits and/or
issuing securities, and, in the process, incur liabilities, which they
use to acquire financial assets by making loans and/or purchasing
securities. Putting themselves at risk, they channel funds from lenders
to borrowers and transform or repackage the funds with respect to
maturity, scale and risk. Establishments that are primarily engaged in
the pooling of risk by underwriting annuities and insurance. They
collect fees (insurance premiums or annuity considerations), build up
reserves, invest those reserves and make contractual payments. Fees are
based on the expected incidence of the insured risk and the expected
return on investment. Establishments that are primarily engaged in
providing specialized services that facilitate or support financial
intermediation, insurance and employee benefit programs. In addition,
establishments charged with monetary control - the monetary authorities
- are included in this sector.
Real Estate and Rental and Leasing
This sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting,
leasing or otherwise allowing the use of tangible or intangible assets.
Establishments primarily engaged in managing real estate for others;
selling, renting and/or buying of real estate for others; and appraising
real estate, are also included.
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services
This sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in activities in
which human capital is the major input. These establishments make
available the knowledge and skills of their employees, often on an
assignment basis. The individual industries of this sector are defined
on the basis of the particular expertise and training of the service
provider. The main components of this sector are legal services
industries, accounting and related services industries, architectural,
engineering and related services industries, surveying and mapping
services industries, design services industries, management, scientific
and technical consulting services industries, scientific research and
development services industries, and advertising services industries.
The distinguishing feature of this sector is the fact that most of the
industries grouped in it have production processes that are almost
wholly dependent on worker skills. In most of these industries,
equipment and materials are not of major importance. Thus, the
establishments classified in this sector sell expertise. Much of the
expertise requires a university or college education, though not in
every case.
Management of Companies and Enterprises
This sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in managing
companies and enterprises and/or holding the securities or financial
assets of companies and enterprises, for the purpose of owning a
controlling interest in them and/or influencing their management
decisions. They may undertake the function of management, or they may
entrust the function of financial management to portfolio managers.
Administrative and Support, Waste Management and Remediation Services
This sector comprises two different types of establishments: those
primarily engaged in activities that support the day-to-day operations
of other organizations; and those primarily engaged in waste management
activities. The first type of establishment is engaged in activities
such as administration, hiring and placing personnel, preparing
documents, taking orders from clients, collecting payments for claims,
arranging travel, providing security and surveillance, cleaning
buildings, and packaging and labelling products. These activities are
often undertaken, in-house, by establishments found in many sectors of
the economy. The establishments classified to this sector specialize in
one or more of these activities and can therefore provide services to
clients in a variety of industries and, in some cases, to households.
Waste management establishments are engaged in the collection, treatment
and disposal of waste material, the operation of material recovery
facilities, the remediation of polluted sites and the cleaning of septic
tanks.
Educational Services
This sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing
instruction and training in a wide variety of subjects. This instruction
and training is provided by specialized establishments, such as schools,
colleges, universities and training centres. These establishments may be
privately owned and operated, either for profit or not, or they may be
publicly owned and operated. They may also offer food and accommodation
services to their students. Educational services are usually delivered
by teachers who explain, tell, demonstrate, supervise and direct
self-learning. Instruction is imparted in diverse settings, such as
educational institutions, the workplace or the home (through
correspondence, television or other means). The lessons can be adapted
to the particular needs of the students, for example sign language can
replace verbal language for teaching students with hearing impairments.
All industries in the sector share this commonality of process, namely,
labour inputs of teachers with the requisite subject matter expertise
and teaching ability.
Health Care and Social Assistance
This sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing
health care by diagnosis and treatment, providing residential care for
medical and social reasons, and providing social assistance, such as
counselling, welfare, child protection, community housing and food
services, vocational rehabilitation and child care, to those requiring
such assistance.
Arts, Entertainment and Recreation
This sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating
facilities or providing services to meet the cultural, entertainment and
recreational interests of their patrons. These establishments produce,
promote or participate in live performances, events or exhibits intended
for public viewing; provide the artistic, creative and technical skills
necessary for the production of artistic products and live performances;
preserve and exhibit objects and sites of historical, cultural or
educational interest; and operate facilities or provide services that
enable patrons to participate in sports or recreational activities or
pursue amusement, hobbies and leisure-time interests. There are
establishments engaged in activities related to arts and recreation that
are classified in other sectors of NAICS. The most important are listed
below.
Accommodation and Food Services
This sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing
short-term lodging and complementary services to travellers, vacationers
and others, in facilities such as hotels, motor hotels, resorts, motels,
casino hotels, bed and breakfast accommodation, housekeeping cottages
and cabins, recreational vehicle parks and campgrounds, hunting and
fishing camps, and various types of recreational and adventure camps.
This sector also comprises establishments primarily engaged in preparing
meals, snacks and beverages, to customer order, for immediate
consumption on and off the premises.
Other Services - except Public Administration
This sector comprises establishments, not classified to any other
sector, primarily engaged in repairing, or performing general or routine
maintenance, on motor vehicles, machinery, equipment and other products
to ensure that they work efficiently; providing personal care services,
funeral services, laundry services and other services to individuals,
such as pet care services and photo finishing services; organizing and
promoting religious activities; supporting various causes through
grant-making, advocating (promoting) various social and political
causes, and promoting and defending the interests of their members.
Private households are also included.
Public Administration
This sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in activities of
a governmental nature, that is, the enactment and judicial
interpretation of laws and their pursuant regulations, and the
administration of programs based on them. Legislative activities,
taxation, national defence, public order and safety, immigration
services, foreign affairs and international assistance, and the
administration of government programs are activities that are purely
governmental in nature. Ownership is not a criterion for classification.
Government owned establishments engaged in activities that are not
governmental in nature are classified to the same industry as privately
owned establishments engaged in similar activities. Government
establishments may engage in a combination of governmental and
non-governmental activities. When separate records are not available to
separate the activities that are not governmental in nature from those
that are, the establishment is classified to this sector.
Quarterly Financial
Statistics for Enterprises (pdf)
Third Quarter 2014
The publication presents
balance sheet, income statement, statement of changes in financial
position and ratio data for 22 financial and non-financial sectors.
|